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Body Fat Calculator — US Navy Tape Method

Estimate your body fat percentage using the US Navy circumference formula — just a tape measure and a minute of your time. More useful than BMI because it actually tells you how much of your weight is fat versus lean mass.

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Estimated Body Fat
EssentialAthleteFitnessAverageObese
Fat Mass
Lean Mass

Why Body Fat % Tells You More Than BMI

I have a friend, Marcus, who weighs 98 kg and is 6'1". His BMI puts him in the "overweight" category. His body fat is 11%. He's a competitive powerlifter with barely any fat on him. BMI would have you believe he needs to lose weight. Body fat percentage tells the actual story.

BMI only divides weight by height squared — it has absolutely no way to distinguish between fat and muscle tissue. Two people can have identical BMIs but completely different health profiles. Body fat percentage directly measures what actually matters for metabolic health: how much of your body weight is fat versus muscle, bone, and organs.

That said, body fat percentage isn't perfect either. What matters most is the trend — measuring consistently under the same conditions (same time of day, same hydration state) and tracking changes over months.

US Navy Body Fat Formula Explained

The US Navy developed this formula in the 1980s for practical field use — no expensive equipment, no lab setting, just a tape measure. It uses circumference measurements at specific body sites and height to estimate fat percentage.

For men: % BF = 86.010 × log₁₀(abdomen − neck) − 70.041 × log₁₀(height) + 36.76

For women: % BF = 163.205 × log₁₀(waist + hip − neck) − 97.684 × log₁₀(height) − 78.387

The error margin is roughly ±3–4% compared to DEXA scans. That's meaningful for absolute precision, but for month-to-month tracking it's more than adequate — and a lot cheaper than a DEXA scan every few weeks.

Body Fat Category Charts

CategoryMenWomen
Essential fat2–5%10–13%
Athlete6–13%14–20%
Fitness14–17%21–24%
Acceptable / Average18–24%25–31%
Obese25%+32%+

These ranges come from the American Council on Exercise (ACE). Women have higher healthy body fat ranges because of sex-specific hormonal and reproductive fat stores that are physiologically essential — not something to diet away.

How to Take Accurate Measurements

The biggest source of error in the Navy method isn't the formula — it's inconsistent measurements. Here's how to measure properly:

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Frequently Asked Questions

Per the American Council on Exercise (ACE): Men — Essential: 2–5%, Athlete: 6–13%, Fitness: 14–17%, Average: 18–24%, Obese: 25%+. Women — Essential: 10–13%, Athlete: 14–20%, Fitness: 21–24%, Average: 25–31%, Obese: 32%+. Women naturally carry 5–8% more essential fat than men for hormonal reasons. Essential fat below 5% (men) or 13% (women) carries real health risks.
Typically ±3–4% vs. DEXA scan. It tends to overestimate body fat in people with large waists relative to their frame, and underestimate in very muscular individuals. For consistent tracking over time — using the same technique each measurement — it's highly reliable as a progress indicator even if the absolute number isn't lab-grade precise.
Men: measure at the navel, tape parallel to the floor, after a normal exhale (don't suck in). Women: at the narrowest point, usually about 1 inch above the navel. The tape should be snug — not digging in. Measure first thing in the morning before eating or drinking for the most consistent comparisons.
BMI uses only height and weight — it can't distinguish fat from muscle. A muscular person can be "overweight" by BMI while having 10% body fat. Body fat percentage directly estimates the proportion of fat tissue, making it far more useful for assessing health risk, setting fitness goals, and tracking fat loss vs. muscle gain.
DEXA scanning (typically $50–150 at a sports medicine clinic) is the most accurate widely available method, with error under 2%. Hydrostatic weighing is similarly accurate. BIA smart scales are convenient but highly variable depending on hydration. Skinfold callipers work well with a trained technician. The Navy tape method is the best free, self-administered option.

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